Summary Of Twelve Years A Slave By Solomon Northup

As American’s our country’s history has been drilled into our education. There are many things to make us proud, as well as ashamed. An atrocious attribute to our country’s past is slavery. Slavery not only happened in America but in numerous countries for far too long. So many people of color were discriminated, abused, abducted and often times killed without remorse. There are millions of individuals, who if were still alive today, could identify with each of those things stated above and tell their own story. One person who would proudly protest their unfortunate experience would be a man by the name Solomon Northup. He wrote a memoir addressing his oppressors and coming clean with all the unjust actions that had taken place. In his book Twelve Years a Slave, the role of religion was very evident not only in his own life, but the lives of the people who played a role in his captivity in slavery. Religion is portrayed in several different perspectives throughou t Twelve Years a Slave. Northup uses this important common ground to cultivate the true relationship between slave and owner. By frequently visiting the topic of faith a realization can be made that both parties are indeed human, this further sheds light on the injustices of Northup’s 12 years in slavery. It has been widely known that slaves were very spiritual people. Throughout their struggles and hardships, they depended on their faith to help them make it through. One can find evidence of this in many hymnsShow MoreRelatedTwelve Years a Slave Film Adaptation655 Words   |  3 PagesTwelve Years A Slave is a 2013 film adaptation of a slave narrative of the same name that was written by Solomon Northup. The main characters Solomon/Platt, Patsey and Edwin Epps are played by Chiwetel Ejiofor, Lupita Nyongo and Michael Fassbender respectively. Directed by Steve McQueen, the movie directs the attention of the reader on the servile life in the South of the United States before the Civil War. Solomon Nyong’o is a free slave from the State of the New York, upon invitation he goes toRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 12 Years A Slave By Steve Mcqueen1396 Words   |  6 Pages The movie 12 Years a Slave, directed by Steve McQueen, depicts a free black man, Solomon Northup, from New York who was drugged and kidnapped in order to be sold into slavery in the pre-Civil War South. The movie is filled with powerful scenes and moments of tension that portray the cruel, gruesome years that millions of slaves experienced. For the next twelve years of Solomon’s life, the movie illustrates how he became a piece of property under several different masters. Solomon spent the bulkRead More Summary of Twelve Years a Slave Essay5063 Words   |  21 PagesSummary of Twelve Years a Slave Solomon Northup was born a freeman. On Christmas day, 1829, Northup married Anne Hampton. He was about twenty one years old and decided to enter upon a life of industry so that he could help support him and his wife. He first was employed with others repairing the Champlain Canal. By the time the Canal was finished Northup purchased a pair of horses and other things necessarily required in the business of navigation. He hired several men to help him and he

The Sale of Goods Act 1979 - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2381 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Narrative essay Tags: Act Essay Did you like this example? Long established precedents exhibited a contradiction made amid a sale of distinct items against one of goods by depiction. The former necessitating the purchaser to examine the goods and rely on personal awareness: caveat emptor, while the latter evincing the reflection of the goods with their contractual specifications. In a sale of unrecognized goods, reference to chartered description could only determine the features. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Sale of Goods Act 1979" essay for you Create order This question calls for a study over the credenda of Implied Obligations which is concealed by the Sale of Goods Act 1979[1]. In order to compute the distinctive aspects of the proposal, the key substratum of Sections 13 and 14, citing a benchmark and quality of goods shall be abstracted. However, the core constituent of the analysis would be the scrutiny of each situation with the interpretation of variegated case law precedents cultured with time, statutory prerogatives and judicial maxims. (a) Primarily, half of the wine stock Rowena bought from Vic Ltd. was undrinkable yet such quota of ineffectuality was habitual for a matured drink of that sort. This signals a demanding assessment of the Sections 13 and 14 of the SGA 1979, correspondingly. Sale by description is the core potential behind the operation of S. 13. Initiating the statute, S. 13(1) holds that in the course of a contract, it is connoted that goods will match with their depiction[2]. In Varley V Whipp,[3] it was held that the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s dependence on the description revealed that sale by description was the essential term in the contract. S.13(3) expresses that if the goods are chosen by the buyer, there may be a deal by description and this has been demonstrated in Beale V Taylor,[4] where the buyer, purchasing the car after a thorough examination, was held to have intended to buy it through description rather inspection hence making it a sale by description. The Court of Appeal, in Re Moore Co Ltd. and Landauer Coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Arbitration[5] noted that the purchaser was permitted to reject the items under S. 13 and Lord Atkin stated: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“There is, therefore an implied condition that the goods when tendered shall resemble with the descriptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦the purchasers were permitted to discard the wholeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Contrarily, in Arcos Ltd. V EA Ronaasen Son,[6] the House of Lords, upheld the buyerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s right to decline for the breach with valid description and Lord Atkin held: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A ton does not signify roughly a ton, or a yard roughly a yardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[7] Detectable words in a contract are part of the item description and there is an antithetical congruity between those relating to quality and characteristics. In Proton Energy Group SA V Orlen Lietuva,[8] the descriptive words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Oil blendà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in Clause 2 were held to be a part of the contract description under S.13. However, whether the vintagesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ degree of satisfactory quality has to be now evaluated. S. 14 of the SGA 1979 encompasses provisions whereby ventures on the section of the dealer as to the nature of the items and their adequacy for a precise function, are foreshadowed into particular course of dealings. Hosting particular exceptions, the fundamental dictum of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"caveat emptorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ administers this prospect of the precedent of business and this approach is engrained by S.14 (1). Corresponded by S.14 (2), under a commercial dealing, there is a meant indication that the goods are of a decent caliber. This falls beneath a legislative exception accompanying S.14 (3) and exclusively exercises à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“where the dealer markets the itemsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ [9]. A matter that if one sells à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“in line of commercialismà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  where oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business does not usually contain that of selling items, or of specific items, has now been deciphered by the Court of Appealà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ruling in Stevenson V Rogers[10], enouncing that the sale was made à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“in the course ofà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  that business so as to escort the agreement within the ambit of S. 14. Likewise, the goods should be of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“merchantable valueà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and appropriate for all purposes as per its definition in the Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973. LJ Norse, in Harlingdon Leinster Enterprises V Christoph er Hull Fine Arts Ltd[11] was of the view that the description must be influential to the extent of being enforceable. There cannot be a sale by description where there is not a review of the parties that the buyer is relying on his own skill. Moreover, was the wine fit for the purpose under S.14 (3)? The courts have adopted a proposition that where the goods have a distinguished function, that deems to be their à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“particularà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  purpose. Food, for example, would be appropriated for the purpose of being consumed (Wallis V Russell)[12], milk to be drunk (Frost V Aylesbury Dairy Co.)[13], and a hot water bottle swelled with hot water to warm a bed (Priest V Last)[14]. This backs the notion of aptness for purpose and the courts have adopted this expansive understanding to assist the buyer in the context of widespread remedies in a consumer sale. Assessing the facts in the light of the case law, it is viable to say that although Rowena did not taste the win e, it does not necessarily mean that she did not look at the bottles. If she had examined the stock, she would have already know about their undrinkable quality and age. In such a condition, Vic Ltd. would not be held liable but if she has not, the seller would not be held guilty. (b) The second portion revolves around the doctrine of awareness in the context of the quality of the wine and the defects. Rowena did not inspect the bottles at the time of the purchase and later found them to lack exclusive quality which she expected. Moreover, the fraud by the French producers of the wine also emerged. The quality of the wine, as discussed in the previous part, is defined under S. 14 of the Sale of Goods Act 1979. Goods are credited to be of a satisfactory quality if they meet the standard of a judicious person, considering their narrative and other aspects (S.14 (2A) SGA 1979). In Bernstein V Pamson Motors (Golders Green) Ltd[15], it was held that the car was likely to be unmarke table. Arguably, albeit the wine did not fall in the category of a fine, pleasant drink, it was of a satisfactory quality. Ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s worth and value equated to the one consumed by a reasonable person customarily. Moreover, S.14 (2C) of the SGA 1979 stipulates that if the buyer reviews the goods before entering into a contractual settlement, then the implied term as to the quality ceases. In Thornett Fehr V Beers Sons[16], the defendants had inspected the goods and there was no implied arrangement that the glue was of merchantable quality. Likewise, in the celebrated case of United Central Bakeries Ltd V Spooner Industries Ltd[17], it was stated by Lord Hodge that the check of satisfactory quality is on a complete objective base and the court situated itself in the independent reasonable purchaser with knowledge of all the applicable facts and Spooner was held to be in breach of the implied condition under S. 14(2). Moreover, the express term in Dalmare SpA V Unio n Maritime Ltd[18] did not omit S. 14 which had been breached. Rowena did not taste the wine before obtaining the stock from Vic ltd. hence it can be indicated that the implied term as to the quality applies in this representation. If she had inspected the wine, the term would not have been enforceable. The crux of the contractual settlement was based on a sale by description as no investigation of the wine had taken place from Rowenaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s side. The quality can be reasoned on the ground of reasonableness because although the wine does not belong to a supreme brand, it still displays a satisfactory quality which fulfills S. 14 (2A). Sections 14(2D) and (2E) of the SGA 1979 encompass the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"relevant circumstancesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in S.14 (2A) by containing any public declarations about specific features of the items. If they are mislabeled, by the vendor himself, his representative or the manufacturers, the vendor may be held accountable. However, there a re some departures to this rule. Primarily, if the vendor was not and could not rationally have been aware of the statement[19] and secondly, the clientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s choice to buy the goods was not influenced by the statement.[20] Henceforth, in the situation presented, if either of the exceptions exist, Vic Ltd. can escape its accountability. (c) Advancing in the dialogue, the vintage carrying a large volume of sulphur, has to be analyzed, which poisoned a customer whom Rowena had to reimburse for the unfortunate mishap. In order to evaluate this scenario, the concept of the Exclusion of Implied Terms under the Sale of Goods Act 1979 shall be considered along with the case law precedents. In Griffiths V Peter Conway Ltd.[21], both the defendants and plaintiff were uninformed of the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s unusual sensitivity of her skin and Branson J. dismissed the action and his ruling was acknowledged by the Court of Appeal. He stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The specific purpose of the goods was to be worn by the woman suffering from the abnormality and if one undergoing such an illness needs an article for oneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s use, desiring to acquire the benefit of the implied condition and does not notify the seller, the seller cannot exercise his or her expertise and knowledge to measure the appropriateness of the item for that particular individualà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Peter Conway can be distinguished with Grant V Australian Knitting Mills[22]. It was stated that there was a sale by description even though the plaintiff had inspected the goods because the inspection could not disclose the occurrence of the sulphites. The exact purpose needs to be made known to the seller. In Grant, the particular purpose can be implied but in Peter Conway, due to the plaintiffà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s specific body condition, she must have specifically clarified her particular aim to the seller. The exact purpose cannot be implied due to her special condition. More over, in Christopher Hill Ltd. V Ashington Piggeries Ltd.[23], the Court of Appealà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s verdict was overturned and it was held that the seller was accountable to the purchasers for breach of S. 14(1) of the Act of 1893. It was recognized that the herring meal contained a poison, harmful to an extensive range of animals rather than only minks. Lord Wilberforce stated: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Any overall appropriateness would be the merchantsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ accountabilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ .[24] Lord Diplockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s opinion in Ashington Piggeries was considered in Jewson Ltd. V Kelly[25] where Clarke and Sedley L.JJ., both commented on the dichotomy between S.14(2) and S.14(3). The former establishing a broad standard while the latter striking à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“a certain compulsion tailored to the specific conditions of the careà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . As Mr. Kelly had not made his purpose sufficiently distinct to the seller, there was no breach of the implied term. In Henry Ken dall Sons V William Lillico Sons Ltd.[26], although the component was lethal to poultry, it was impeccably appropriate for livestock and the House of Lords held that it was merchantable. Consequently, in Cammell Laird and Co. Ltd. V Manganese Bronze and Brass Co. Ltd.[27], it was stated that the retailer was in breach of S. 14(1) and there was an implied condition that the propeller should be rationally suitable for use on the specific ship for which it was required, and it was not. Concluding the discussion, it can be stated that Rowena needs to notify Vic Ltd. expressly about the possible occurrence of such a constituent in the wine which might unfavorably affect her clients in any case. Only if she had particularly done so, she can bring a successful claim. Bibliography Case Law: Varley V Whipp[1900] 1 513 (QB) Beale V Taylor[1967] 1 W.L.R. 1193 (CA) Re Moore Co Ltd. and Landauer Coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Arbitration[1921] 2 K.B. 519 (CA) Arcos Ltd. V EA Ronaasen Son[1933] A.C. 470 (H.L) In Proton Energy Group SA V Orlen Lietuva[2013] E.W.H.C. 2872 (Comm) Stevenson V Rogers[1999] 1 All E.R. 613 (CA) Harlingdon Leinster Enterprises V Christopher Hull Fine Arts Ltd[1990] 1 All E.R. 737 (CA) Wallis V Russell[1902] 2 I.R. 585 (CA) Frost V Aylesbury Dairy Co.[1905] 1 K.B. 608 (CA) Priest V Last[1903] 2 K.B. 148 (CA) Bernstein V Pamson Motors (Golders Green) Ltd[1987] 2 All E.R. 220 (QBD) Thornett Fehr V Beers Sons[1919] 1 K.B. 486 (KBD) United Central Bakeries Ltd V Spooner Industries Ltd[2013] 150 (CSOH) Dalmare SpA V Union Maritime Ltd[2012] E.W.H.C. 3537 (Comm) Griffiths V Peter Conway Ltd[1939] 1 All E.R. 685 (CA) Grant V Australian Knitting Mills[1936] A.C. 85 (PC) Christopher Hill Ltd. V Ashington Piggeries Ltd[1972] A.C. 441 (HL) Jewson V Kelly[2003] E.W.C.A. Civ 1030 (CA) Henry Kendall Sons V William Lillico Sons Ltd[1969] 2 A.C. 31 (HL) Cammell Laird and Co. Ltd. V Manganese Bronze and B rass Co. Ltd.[1934] A.C. 402 (HL) Legislation: Sale of Goods Act 1979 Supply of Goods (Implied Terms) Act 1973 Book: LS Sealy and RJA Hooley,Commercial Law, TEXT, CASES AND MATERIALS (4th, Oxford University Press, United States 2009) 397 Word Count: 1,941 [1] Hereafter abbreviated to SGA 1979 [2] Sale of Goods Act 1979 s 13(1) [3] Varley V Whipp[1900] 1 513 (QB) [4] Beale V Taylor[1967] 1 W.L.R. 1193 (CA) [5] Re Moore Co Ltd. and Landauer Coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Arbitration[1921] 2 K.B. 519 (CA) [6] Arcos Ltd. V EA Ronaasen Son[1933] A.C. 470 (H.L) [7] à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A ton does not mean about a ton, or a yard about a yardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . [8] In Proton Energy Group SA V Orlen Lietuva[2013] E.W.H.C. 2872 (Comm) [9] Sale of Goods Act 1979 s 14(3) [10] Stevenson V Rogers[1999] 1 All E.R. 613 (CA) [11] Harlingdon Leinster Enterprises V Christopher Hull Fine Arts Ltd[1990] 1 All E.R. 737 (CA) [12] Wallis V Russell[1902] 2 I.R. 585 (CA) [13] Frost V Aylesbury Dairy Co.[1905] 1 K.B. 608 (CA) [14] Priest V Last[1903] 2 K.B. 148 (CA) [15] Bernstein V Pamson Motors (Golders Green) Ltd[1987] 2 All E.R. 220 (QBD) [16] Thornett Fehr V Beers Sons[1919] 1 K.B. 486 (KBD) [17] United Central Bake ries Ltd V Spooner Industries Ltd[2013] 150 (CSOH) [18] Dalmare SpA V Union Maritime Ltd[2012] E.W.H.C. 3537 (Comm) [19] Sale of Goods Act 1979 s 14(2E)(a) [20] Sale of Goods Act 1979 s 14(2E)(c) [21] Griffiths V Peter Conway Ltd[1939] 1 All E.R. 685 (CA) [22] Grant V Australian Knitting Mills[1936] A.C. 85 (PC) [23] Christopher Hill Ltd. V Ashington Piggeries Ltd[1972] A.C. 441 (HL) [24] Lord Wilberforce at p.490 [25] Jewson V Kelly[2003] E.W.C.A. Civ 1030 (CA) [26] Henry Kendall Sons V William Lillico Sons Ltd[1969] 2 A.C. 31 (HL) [27] Cammell Laird and Co. Ltd. V Manganese Bronze and Brass Co. Ltd.[1934] A.C. 402 (HL)

The Religion Of Christianity During The Palestine - 952 Words

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Jesus, all of the apostles, and the earliest followers of Christianity were Jewish and all of their teachings and writings were shown in Jewish context. Jesus’ time was could be characterized as a small shift from church rituals to own personal ethics, unable to find happiness under foreign domination, a strong feeling of community with one another, and expecting the Messiah to come. Christianity started a movement within Judaism while the Jews were under foreign influence and rule. Multiple Jewish groups had formed during the time of Christ. These Jews had disgruntled views on religious authority with the Roman Empire. The mostShow MoreRelatedThe Birthplace Of Christianity : Israel1367 Words   |  6 PagesI chose to do my project on Israel to learn more about the birthplace of Christianity. Israel is approximately 8,550 square miles. Israel has very fertile and mountainous land around the Middle East and their population is 7,821,850. 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Differentiation Strategies of Gm free essay sample

Differentiation strategies are not about pursuing uniqueness for the sake of being different. Differentiation is about understanding customers and how GM s product can meet their needs. To this extent, the quest for differentiation advantage takes us to the heart of business strategy. The fundamental issues of differentiation are also the fundamental issues of business strategy: Who are GM s customers? How does GM create value for them? And how does GM do it more effectively and efficiently than anyone else? Because differentiation is about uniqueness, establishing differentiation advantage requires creativity – it cannot be achieved simply through applying standardized frameworks and techniques. This is not to say that differentiation advantage is not amenable to systematic analysis. As have observed, there are two requirements for creating profitable differentiation. On the supply side, GM must be aware of the resources and capabilities through which it can create uniqueness (and do it better than competitors). We will write a custom essay sample on Differentiation Strategies of Gm or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page On the demand side, the key is insight into customers and their needs and preferences. These two sides form the major components of our analysis of differentiation. In analyzing differentiation opportunities, GM can distinguish tangible and intangible dimensions of differentiation. Tangible differentiation is concerned with the observable characteristics of a product or service that are relevant to customers’ preferences and choice processes. These include size, shape, color, weight, design, material, and technology. Tangible differentiation also includes the performance of the product or service in terms of reliability, consistency, taste, speed, durability, and safety. Image differentiation are especially important for those products and services whose qualities and performance are difficult to ascertain at the time of purchase (â€Å"experience goods†). These include cosmetics, medical services, and education. By offering uniqueness in its offerings, GM may inevitably target certain market niches. By selecting performance, engineering, and style as the basis on which BMW competes in the automobile industry, it inevitably appeals to different market segments than does VW. To the extent that differentiation is imitated by other companies, the result can be the creation of new market segments. During the 1990s, General Motors’ segmented marketing strategy that targeted each brand on a specific price bracket and particular socioeconomic category ran into increasing problems as US customers showed less and less identification with the segments GM had defined for them. 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It is dedicated to provide products and services of such quality that our customers will receive superior value while our employees and business partners will share in our success and our stock-holders will receive a sustained superior return on their investment These days, GM realize how important it is to have employees trained in good customer service skills working in their contact center if they want to enhance their reputation. For example training staff in problem solving and the ability to multi task in areas such as navigating complex databases and switching between different computers to find information for the caller is now becoming a routine function in a modern contact center. It is therefore an advantage for call center employees in today’s workplace to have the ability to think quickly on their feet so they can deal quickly with involved information while working under pressure. GM also providing Transportation Services: Here GM aim at providing top nick transportation services to the customers and satisfy them to maximum extent. GM know that a delay in shipping the freights can cause considerable loss to the clients and the business, therefore on-time delivery is extremely important to us. The network of truck agents which are located at all over the booking points ensure that your consignments reach to its final destination in full secured mode, GM also gratify to all your transportation needs by providing you door-to-door Pick Up Delivery Transportation services.