The Great Depression Brought Changes to Art in Many Ways Essay Example for Free

The Great Depression Brought Changes to Art in Many Ways Essay Life In America was more open and out going then normal. Jazz clubs opened up at mostly every block, where young vibrant people would go drink and dance the night away. This kind of social activity was looked down upon by older citizens that thought this kind of behavior was inappropriate. This would ultimately lead up to prohibition and the first time ver in American history an amendment was excused making alcohol illegal in the United States. This caused crime rates to skyrocket within American cities causing some of the most notorious gangsters in American history to emerge, such as A1 Capone. So many other things came out of the roaring 20s, such as inventions of the automobile, radio and airplanes, new fashion styles, skyscrapers and movies. With life changing, so did art. Mostly throughout the 1920s there were a variety of art movements and styles that were popular. Such as surrealism, Art Deco, reglonallsm and with new technologies came photography and also film. In 1929 the stock market crashed causing many people jobs and their life savings. Banks were continuing to fail and jobless workers would rely on crime and theft to support their families. With the stock market crash and many people in debt, this paved the way for many artists to express their feelings, through painting, architecture [pic]and photography. One of the most popular art movements during this time was known as American Scene painting. This art movement rejected the earlier European Modernist and abstract styles. It primarily depicted realistic scenes of American life. One of the famous American scene painters was Charles Sheeler and was known as a Precisionist painter. HIS paintings mainly consisted of simplified forms of American factories and buildings and used crisped defined edges with smooth brushwork throughout his paintings. Above is his famous work titled simply mostly found in American architecture, Jewelry, furniture, clothes and handcrafts through out the 1920s. Its geometrical design with parallel lines kept the sleekness style throughout the 1920s. Surrealism was originally formed in Europe and with art students from America they had brought the style over to the United States. Some of the most popular surrealist was Alexander Calder and Joseph Cornell. Calder was a sculptor and an engineer who was inspired by surrealist painters in Europe to sculpt and create moveable pieces of art. One of his famous works was Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. All of the parts moved, not mechanically, but with the wind. People think he was an abstract artist, but he wanted to stimulate the imagination. Regionalism was another art movement that was influenced by the American Scene painting. Grant Wood was a regionalist painter who focused on the everyday living in America. His American Gothic is a realistic painting of what appears to be a husband and wife in front of their farm house. But it is actually supposed to be an older Iowa farmer and his daughter. The Regionalist movement is divided into two groups. One is the social realist and was influenced by the social troubles of the lower class. The other was the Regionalist and they were more focused of the positive side of things (such as Grant Wood), hoping to drive America out of the depression. A Regionalist painter named Thomas Hart Benton, painted his Instruments of Power from the mural America today. Which shows a mural of all sorts of technological improvements during this time period. It consists of a train, plain, electric towers, steam engines and other symbols of industry. The social realists were primarily focused on the American worker and sought to change the hard economic times of the Great Depression. In fact, most of the social realists rejected idealism and focused their attention o n how the artists saw the subjects and depicted how they felt about the subject. Social realist style was associated with hard-edged muscular figures that are distorted and morphed. The movements main goal was to show struggles of the working America. The leading social realist during this time was Aaron Douglas, who was also the leading artists for the Harlem Renaissance. During World War l, million of African Americans moved to the north to look for jobs. In the south there was not much opportunity at all for African Americans. This would be later called the Great Migration. This would cause great racial tension in the north. In Harlem, eager to share their social thoughts with the rest of the world, African Americans would then explore their new surroundings and experiment with usic, writing and art that revolutionize the Harlem Renaissance. Aaron Douglas would be the forefront of the Harlem Renaissance. He would produce great works, such as Aspects of Negro Life: From Slavery Through Reconstruction. This piece was meant for African Americans to realize they are part of this world and this country. The painting is a reenactment of the Emancipation Proclamati on, which suggests that Douglas was trying to reinforce their part in history. Douglass style was highly influenced abstract style. He would use a limited color palette in his paintings using a ariety of light and dark contrasts within his works. In contrast to Aaron Douglas, a young Jacob Lawrence would appear, painting a series called The Migration of the station. He used an abstract style and simple shapes that fits the forms of Cubism and African American folk art. In March 1933, newly elected president Franklin D. Roosevelt suggested a plan to revitalize the American economy. The plan was called the new deal and was simply a promise to the American people that this new plan would get America out of the economic depression. Many organizations came out of this new deal plan. For starving artist, this gave them a prime opportunity to make money and also to show their works of art. The Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) was an organization that was going to give artist work. The PWAP did not last long but it gave artists a reviving boost. Then in 1935 a much similar organization established called the Federal Art Project (FAP) employed over 5,000 artists from 1935 to 1943. Artists such as Michael Lensin would benefit from this organization. His mural Mining gives a true understanding of the American worker. Much of the FAP art were murals, sculptures nd frescos that still exist throughout the country. Most of the subject matter in these works of art was mainly about American struggle and American prosperity and achievements. These organizations would not Just produce painters, but would also produce great photographers that would capture real live images of people. This new technology would then revolutionize photography and will inspire future photographe rs throughout history. Photography was the most popular forms of art during the Great Depression. With new technology for cameras it was easy for photographers to capture images everywhere they went. The photographs captured real people with real struggles. It also captured the harsh reality of the Great Depression. Many photographers would go a different course and try to promote more positive images such as young people dancing and having a good time. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) would hire these photographers to capture certain images to promote positive life. The Great Depression was a time period when people needed to see the harsh realities of the Depression and how it effect people, especially the lower class citizens. A photographer such as Walker Evans was known as one of the masters of hotography. He took pictures of many people during the Great Depression and showed the grueling struggles of Americans. Walkers use of lighting, composition and capturing great detail was what made him a pioneer in the photography world. His photos of sharecroppers and immigrants during the Depression show the harsh realities of their situation. He was hired by the Farm Securit y Administration (FSA) to take a series of photographs of families living in run down homes. A photo taken in 1936 shows a family living in poor and dirty conditions posing in front of the camera. They all look run down and defeated. He placed them directly into the center of photograph making sure that they were the focal point of this picture. You can see throughout the picture Just how terrible these living conditions were. He would then carry out more series of photographs of the lower class during the Great Depression. imagery of the Depression to show viewers the impact of the struggling economy. The Farm Security Administration was aware of how photographs impacted public thought. There are Pictures such as mioung Girls Knitting Stockings in Southern Hosiery Mill by Lewis W. Hine, which shows girls in a factory working in a harsh tmosphere. This was an earlier photo taken during World War l. He would then focus more on the progress of America. He took an extraordinary photo called Rivetting on the dome, a quarter mile up. It was a photo taken of workers during the construction of the Empire State building. Some photographers took pictures of the positive, many photographers were more curious about the stru ggles during the Great Depression. One photographer in particular was Dorothea Langes

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay Example for Free

Microeconomics and Macroeconomics Essay Microeconomics is a branch of economics which deals with the study of resource allocation decisions within the confines of the sub-segments of an economy such as households and business firms (Arnold, 2010). Central to this study is an examination of how prices of goods and services in a market influence their demand and supply. Macroeconomics on the other hand deals with the study of the nature of the economy as a whole; national, regional or a global economy (Agarwal, 2007). It deals with such issues such as GDP (Gross Domestic Product) and the influences of a larger economy such as employment and inflation. The main difference is thus the scope of study since it can be argued that microeconomics is a subset of macroeconomics. Another difference is that microeconomics focuses on consumers and businesses while macroeconomics deals with industries and nations (Arnold, 2007). Additionally, microeconomics deals with the forces of demand and supply in a market while macroeconomics studies the effect of such issues as interest rates, exchange rates and employment output on a national scale. Generally, microeconomic studies take a bottom-up approach while the macroeconomic studies take a top-down approach. An example of a microeconomic phenomenon would be on pricing policies. A company may want to know what price to charge for a product they are introducing to the market. This is a microeconomic decision since to answer such a question, knowledge of the nature of market and the economic forces prevailing in it is important. One would need to study in detail the demand and supply of the commodity, utility to the consumer, competition from other suppliers and other microeconomic factors before coming up with a pricing decision. The increase in oil prices in an economy is an example of a macroeconomic phenomenon. Such price changes may be influenced by various factors which can only be explained at a macroeconomic level. The reasons could be inflation in an economy, war or political instability in a particular region of the world. A microeconomic decision made at home would be a changeover to taking tea as opposed to coffee. This is informed by an increase in the prices of coffee with no change in the level of income. The factors influencing this decision are thus the price, cost, the income level and the availability of a substitute which is tea. This therefore leads to a consumer being cushioned against price increases which would otherwise affect his economic welfare. Macroeconomic factors prevailing upon an economy affect the operations of the sub-segments of the economy. This in turn would have an effect on the economic decisions made by consumers. The macroeconomic phenomenon of increase in oil prices in the world market coupled with inflation influenced a personal decision to buy a smaller car which is fuel economical as opposed to larger cylinder capacity vehicles which consume more fuel. Such larger capacity cars are a symbol of status but are fairly expensive to maintain in light of higher oil prices. This therefore has to be foregone in light of a benefit of reduction in cost. This has led to more savings by reducing on the budget on transportation. In summary, it can be said that microeconomics and macroeconomics are two major and indeed very important fields of study in economics. They are different but interrelated and interdependent since they have certain common objects of study. Both microeconomic and macroeconomic factors are key in decision making and thus the study of both is invaluable to understanding the operations of the economy. They provide necessary tools to the understanding the generation of revenue in the business operations of firms; and the economy as a whole. References Agarwal, V. (2007). Macroeconomics. New Delhi: McDraw-Hill. Arnold, R. (2010). Microeconomics. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning. Melvin, M., Boyes, W. (2008). Microeconomics. Mason, OH: Cengage Learning.

Strategies and public relations of Hilton

Strategies and public relations of Hilton In todays vital range of competitive business environment there has been a shift from traditional marketing towards more varied approaches. In particular there has been a change from transactional to relationship management in marketing. I certify that this assignment is my own work, based on my personal study and or research. I have acknowledged all material and sources used in the preparation of this assignment, including any material generated in the course of my employment. I have not copied in part, or otherwise plagiarised, the work of other students. I have read and I understand the criteria used for assessment. The assignment is within the word and page limits specified in the unit outline. In other words, the use of any material in this assignment does not infringe the intellectual property/copyright of a third party. I did very hard work for this assignment and full concentrate on my work. I did try to do my best. Hilton worldwide is the leading global hospitality company, spanning the lodging sector from luxurious full-service hotels and resorts to extended -stay suites and mid priced hotels. For 90 years, Hilton worldwide has been offering business and leisure travellers the finest in accommodations, service, amenities and value. The company is dedicated to continuing its tradition of providing exceptional guest experiences across its global brands. Its brands care comprised of its more than 3,300 hotels in 77 countries and include Waldorf Astoria hotels and resorts, Conrad hotels and resorts, Hilton double tree, Embassy suite hotels, Hilton garden Inn, Hampton Inn and suites, Homewood suites by Hilton and Hilton Grand vacations. The company also manages the world-class guest reward program Hilton HHonors. Hilton Hotels properties are renowned for their convenient and strategic locations within major countries throughout the world. Also synonymous with the brand are the high level of persona l service guest receive, and the extensive range of comprehensive business facilities available in luxurious settings. This hotel is built in 1963 as a showcase for international guests; this stunning New York City hotel has warmly welcomed families visiting the worlds fair, representatives attending political conventions and certain Fab Faur from England, coming to appear on the Ed Sullivan Show. With a multilingual staff of professionals, a wide choice of elegantly appointed accommodations, this extraordinary NYC hotel looks forward to continuing its legacy of service and guest satisfaction. MARKETING The marketing function is the study of market forces and factors and the development of a companys position to optimize its benefit from them. It is all about getting the right product. There is a difference between sales and marketing, marketing people deal with markets that contain many potential customers, and they talk to them as a group. Whereas profit or service to the customer at the right place at the right time. Marketing is much more than just advertising or PR. Its a way of doing things that starts with a potential customer and ends up with a profit. In the middle are competitors who are after the same customers and same profits. In the business as a marketing person, its necessary to use some proven tools and techniques to attack the competition and gain the customers. Marketing is the process where a company satisfies customer needs with a product and service at a price that generates a salespeople deal with a few customers and talk to them one at a time. According to me Marketing is a body of knowledge concerned with the relationship of a business to the marketplace. This market place is made up of customers, potential customers, competitors, suppliers, distribution channels, communication media and government regulations. It is a key of discipline that enables the producers of goods and services to interpret customer wants, needs and desires and match, or exceed them, in delivery to their target consumers. Marketing is also a mixture of all the activities of advertising promotion, publicity, deciding the look and feel of the product, how it will be sold and send to the consumer etc .All of these are the different parts of the marketing, they are not marketing. According to Philip Kotler (2006), Marketing is the social process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and value with others. Eric Davies and Barry Davies (2 edition), Institute of Management, Successful Marketing in a week, Marketing is the identification and profitable satisfaction of customers needs'. The Charted Institute of Marketing, Marketing is the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying customer requirements profitably. We define marketing management as the analysis, planning, implementation and controls of programs designed to create, build and maintain beneficial exchange with target buyers for the purpose of achieving organizational objectives. According to Bennett (1995), The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational goals. According to handouts The American Marketing Association defines marketing as, The process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organisational goals. Facets of Marketing: Marketing has two sides first is philosophy, an attitude, a perspective or a management orientation that stress customer satisfaction. Second marketing is a set of emotions used to implement this philosophy. This is the marketing process. In hospitality marketing, the product is the experience of the guests. This experience has both a goods component (like food) and an interactive component, which we call service. In practice, hospitality employees become part of the product (experience). Another way every employee is part of the guests experience, because the typical hospitality organisation is highly personal and interactive. APPROACHES TO MARKETING Product orientation: Product orientation means focuses on the internal capabilities of the hotel rather than on the desires and needs of the marketplace. The benefits offered by a product or service can include: Convenience and accessibility. Good after-sales technical support and advice. Comfort and ease of use. Accountability- the knowledge that if things go wrong, the manufacturer will put them right. Courtesy and helpfulness of staff. Attractive, appropriate and efficient design and packaging. Peace of mind- the knowledge that you can trust the hotel, that your needs are understood and the good or service you have purchased will not let you down. Sales orientation: A sales orientation is based on the ideas that people buy more goods and services. In marketing a product is important to establish a unique selling proposition which sets business, brand or product ahead of the competition. Creating a unique selling proposition is particularly important in providing services. Unique selling propositions are usually set out in advertising. Therefore, the focus of a sales orientation is still the product, or what an operation has to offer. Marketing orientation: Marketing is based on the ideas how the product comes out in the market. The right place is profitable for the product. It focuses on customer wants and needs and integrating all the organisations activities, including production, to satisfy these wants. Achieving long-term goals for the organisation by satisfying customer wants and needs legally and responsibly. Societal Marketing Orientation: The Societal Marketing Orientation is the newest marketing concept. This concept holds that the organisation should determine the needs, wants and interests of target markets and deliver the desired satisfaction more effectively and efficiently that competitors in a way that maintains or improves the consumers and societys well being, whether the marketing concept is adequate in the age of environmental problems, resources shortage, rapid population growth, worldwide inflation and neglected social services. The pure marketing concept ignores possible conflicts between short run consumer wants and long run societal needs. Like a Hotel, Hotel chains have established no-smoking floors and no smoking sections in their restaurants. Fast-food restaurants that practice the societal marketing concept pursues more environmentally sound packaging and produce foods with more nutritional value. Resort developers must consider the impact on the environment not only of their initial construction but also of the disposal of waste products and their use of water. MARKETING PLAN Marketing plan is designed to implement the strategies chosen at the corporate and strategic business unit levels. Writing a marketing plan of the hotel allows you to examine the hotel environment in conjunction with the inner working of the business. The marketing plan allows the marketing manager to enter the market place with an awareness of possibilities and problems. The development of a marketing plan every year is also important because good strategies are equal to success. It is noted that the long term effect of a marketing plan is hard to measure with precision. Ronald McDonald and Santa Claus have such things as long term effects. Elements of Marketing Plan Current Situation: Its important to assess market trends and the competition. These days, most forward thinking marketing people also involve salespeople to help their understanding. This is because sales people have an intimate knowledge of individual customers and competitors. Marketing Objectives: This is to help potential customers understand what your business does. It includes brochures, presentations and website. Salespeople should use these to describe the business and explain the benefits of your products to individual customers. There are all important goals to determine which ones you want to achieve first, second and so on and which are most easily and effectively executed. Swot Analysis: The total evaluation of a hotels strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats is called SWOT analysis. The best marketing people know exactly what they are good at, and what they are not so good at their strengths and weaknesses, it comes in internal analysis of hotel. In strategic planning opportunities and threats come in external analysis of the hotel. Competitor Analysis: Every business has competitors and its good for combined spend on promotion and advertising increases the size and growth of the market. It must understand that who is competitors, things like location, business size, website, product information and their target customer groups. Must spend time working out their strengths and weaknesses. Monitor their website every month and keep an eye open for them in a press. Try and work out what they are trying to achieve and where they are going. Try and guess how much they depend on a particular product or market. Market Research: Marketing people have come to rely too much on research, and they use it as a drunkard uses a lamppost for support, rather than for illumination. David Ogilvy Its important to know about existing and potential customers and need to establish basic information about them. Advertising and promotions assessment Market tracking Customer satisfaction Market segmentation Target Markets: It depicts which markets are most worthwhile and important for organisation. Marketing Tools: Its important to develop a sort of shopping list of the promotional tools organisation use and what budget organisation will devote to customers. Monitoring: Organisation will need to decide how it is going to monitor its performance. Monitoring is an important phase of the marketing process. SWOT Analysis HHC, like all major hotel corporations, is continuing to recover from the events of Sep.11th. This tragic human event also delivered a financially devastating blow to the travel industry as a whole and to the hotel industry in particular. In order to fully recover and thrive in the coming years, HHC must assess its overall all strengths and weaknesses as it moves forward through the new millennium. The following SWOT Analysis sheds some light on some of the pitfalls and opportunities that await the Hilton Hotels Corporation. Strengths Strengths are the positive aspects and distinctive attributes; It provides a significant market advantage. Strength is essential part and power of the hotel. Brand Recognition: Hilton has a good reputation and their name is well known. Hilton is a leader in the hotel industry. Its good to make their product, their packaging and their tangibles look different to those of their competitors, it is essential to make them support their brand values. Demand-Supply gap: Hotel remains proper gap in demand and supply products. It gives good results to the hotel and get promotion. Diversification of products: Hilton is more than hotels. They also generate revenue from gaming and entertainment. By being involved more than one industry. Hilton has a benefit of drawing from one part of its business if another part becomes less lucrative. Gaming and entertainment (as well as hotels) serve different customers needs. While this diversity does not automatically insure success, it does help the company to balance out its profits across three areas of the business. Hilton Hotel Corporation (HHC) is a well established organization and industry leader in the hotel, hospitality and gaming industry HHC is well diversified across the industry with hotels in the high end, business and mid-priced classes in their product mix Brand recognition HHC also possesses solid integration features such as owning the companies that manufacture its furniture and has invested in online reservation travel enterprises Hotel facilities: Hilton Hotel has a full service spa, a health club, an outdoor-pool, a steam room, a sauna, wireless and wired high speed internet access is available in public areas. The luxury properly features two restaurants for surcharge, guest receive, transportation including an airport shuttle and an area shuttle. Guest parking is complimentary. Event facilities consist of a ball room and conference/meeting rooms. The staff can arrange concierge services, wedding services, event catering. Guest Rooms features coffee/ tea makers and complimentary bottle water. Bathroom offers separate bathtubs and showers with handheld showerheads, phones, scales. All guest rooms are non-smoking. There are no room charges for children 12 years old and younger who occupy the same room as their parents or guardians, using existing bedding. The following fees and deposits are charge by property at time service, check -in check-out. In last, laundry facility, massage-spa treatment room and wheel chair are also available. Hilton Hotels are known for a high level of comfort and prestige. The Port of San Diego and Hilton are planning to develop a 1200-room hotel on the waterfront adjacent to the San Diego Convention Canter. The prestigious Hilton Malta promises the best in accommodation and a high standard of service for which Hilton hotels are renowned. For business or pleasure the Homewood suites by Hilton hotels are designed with all the comforts of home in mind. The Hotels are the Official Hotel Group of UK Athletics and the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Athletics Team. Hilton Hotels are now building computer files on customer preferences using a system called On Q, pronounced on cue. The Hotels are known across the globe and offer a choice of 2700 quality hotels in the UK, Europe, Asia, America, Africa and Australia. Hotel chain: Hilton Hotel develops many countries. This is the deluxe hotel in the Newyork city. Hotel chain is vital part of the strengths of the hotel. Hilton hotel is worldwide. Customer Satisfaction: Customer satisfaction with a purchase depends upon the products performance relative to a buyers expectations. A customer might experience various degrees of satisfaction. If the products performance falls short of expectations, the customer is dissatisfied. If performance matches expectations, the customer is satisfied. If performance exceeds expectations, the customer is highly satisfied or delighted. Expectations are based on customers past buying experiences. Hotel strengths with customer satisfaction as table setting, better offers, easy switch suppliers, location and good management team etc. Weaknesses HHC may be two narrowly focused making it vulnerable to a downturn in the global economy and other world-wide catastrophes that could limit global travel such as the bird-flu and a significant terrorist strike HHC may be vulnerable to workers strikes and crack down on undocumented workers in the U.S. Most of its holdings are in the U.S. Opportunities HHC should offer an array of distinctive and specialized services to the high end guests and high rollers such as Wedding planning hosting Spas that specialize in personal services Personal trainers HHC should look to expand into or acquire a cruise line A cruise ship is little more than a hotel that floats this would essentially match what it currently does with its leased properties Gaming activities would escape regulation, etc. Take advantage of emerging markets, especially with business class and mid-priced markets Threats HHC must be careful not overextend its efforts to mix entertainment and gaming Also the extension of credit and other side effects of gaming can slowly but surely nibble away profits September 11th was a major blow to the hotel industry. A similar event could result in another down turn. The hotel has many competitors like the Oberai Towers, the Marine Plaza, The Orchid, Le Meridian etc. Relationship Marketing: Relationship Marketing involves using methods and tactics to develop long term relationship with customers in order to retain them. An organisation must exceed customer satisfaction to develop a healthy relationship with customers. Traditional transactional marketing involved the organisation focusing all of its marketing efforts on attracting the customer for one off sales. Company must put into place tactics to attract customers. To attract customers promoting the product and brand, offering good quality products, services and competitive prices. Attracted customers to be retained with organisation. Methods used to retain customers include Loyalty cards, a good customer service, product variety and quality. (Handout) Marketing Strategies Marketing strategies are the means by which marketing objectives will be achieved and are generally concerned with the seven elements of the marketing mix. It deals with pricing, selling, and distributing a product .Using a market development strategy, a company or business unit can capture a larger share of an existing market for current products through market saturation and market penetration or develop new markets for current products. What a company wants to accomplish, in terms of such things as market share and volume, is a marketing objective. How the company intends to go about achieving its objectives is strategy. Strategy is the overall route to the achievement of specific objectives and should describe the means by which objectives are to be reached, the time programme and the allocation of resources. There is clear distinction between strategy, and detailed implementation, or tactics. The following headlines indicate the general content of strategy statements in the area of marketing which emerge from marketing literature:- Policies and procedures relating to the products to be offered, such as number, quality, design, branding, packaging, positioning and labelling, etc. Pricing levels to be adopted, margins and discount policies Advertising, sales promotion, direct mail, call centres and the internet, along with The mix of these, the creative approach, the type of media, type of displays, the amount to spend, etc. What emphasis is to be placed on personal selling, the sales approach. Sales training, etc. The distributive channels to be used and the relative importance of each Service levels, etc., in relation to different segments. Marketing Mix In marketing, one such conceptual framework that is particularly useful in helping practitioners structure their thinking about marketing problems is called marketing mix. To devise a product or service which will be seen as different in the eyes of prospective customers, to the point where they will prefer it to all competing substitutes, is obviously the ultimate objective of the marketer. Marketing professionals and specialist use many tactics to attract and retain their customers. These activities comprise of different concepts, the most important one being the marketing mix. There are two concepts for marketing mix: 4P and 7P. It is essential to balance the 4Ps or the 7Ps of the marketing mix. The concept of 4Ps has been long used for the product industry while the latter has emerged as a successful proposition for the services industry. According to John O Shaughnessey (1984), Product, price, promotion and distribution are factors that, within limits, are capable of being influenced or controlled. Marketing strategy can be viewed as reflecting a marketing mix of these four elements .The marketing mix is at the core of marketing. The marketing mix consists of the key decisions where marketing managers should exhibit their greatest expertise and professionalism. It has become common to summarize the elements of the marketing mix in the 4Ps- product, price, promotion and place. The seven Ps of marketing mix can be discussed as: Product Expand the line Change performance, quality or features Consolidate the line Standardize design Positioning Change the mix Branding. Price Change price, terms or conditions Skimming policies Penetration policies Promotion Change advertising or promotion Change the mix between direct mail, call centres, the internet Change selling. Place Change delivery or distribution Change service Change channels Change the degree of forward or backward integration. People People refer to the customers, employees, management and everybody else involve in it. Realize reputation of the brand Process Methods and process of providing a service Must be helpful to customers Physical (Evidence) Experience of using a product or service Brochures, Pamphlets PUBLIC RELATIONS Public relations (PR) is an important marketing tool that until recently was treated as a marketing stepchild. PR is moving into an explosive growth stage. Advertising costs continue to rise, while audience reach continues to decline. Advertising clutter reduces the impact of each ad. Sales promotion costs have also increased as channels intermediaries demand lower prices, better commissions and deals. The creative use of new events, publications, social events, community relations and other PR techniques offers companies a way to distinguish themselves and their products from their competitors. A simple definition of public relations is the development of and maintenance of good relationships with different publics. The publics are the range of different groups on which an organization is dependent. These include employees, investors, suppliers, customers, distributors, legislators/regulations/governments, pressure groups, the community, the media and even competition. Most of these groups have different interests in any particular organization. Public relations integrate with most aspects of an organizations activities. Public relations communication tools News Generation One of the most widely used is the generation of news. News is best structured around a story which can incorporate information about an organization or its products. Events Organizations can also gain peoples attention through staging or sponsoring Events. These can range from simple news conferences and seminars to exhibitions, competitive activities, anniversary dinners and stunts. All are likely to gain media coverage and draw attention to the sponsoring organizations name. They can also aid the achievement of credibility or establish images with which an organization would like to be associated. Events are also good opportunities to develop relationship with suppliers, opinion leaders and associates, as well as customers. Publications An organizations publications are another method of communication in which public relations will have an active interest. Sales support material is an obvious example, which can include brochures, manuals and presentations, usable by all personnel who have contact with the outside world. Annual reports, other public interest communiquà ©s, and special publications such as cookery books and childrens stories also provide vehicles for influencing both customers and those who can affect customers perceptions. Internal audiences and significant stakeholders are often addressed by organizational newsletters and magazines. Support for good causes Organizational support for good causes is another means of promoting an image and associating an organization with a certain set of values. This can include charity donations in return for product coupons, the sponsorship of public service activities such as festivals, and individual executives support for local community interests such as educational establishments, hospitals or crime prevention. All these provide many opportunities for publicity elsewhere. Expert opinion Individuals within an organization can also act as sources of expert opinion for journalists, public enquiries or other forms of research and investigation. Public relations managers may seek to promote the expertise in their organization through the dissemination of contact lists, and by grooming individuals interviewing and presentational skills. Visual identity Organizations also often seek to establish a visual identity through conformity of design or logos. While design can make it easier for customers to recognize an organizations products when they come across one, logos and other identification marks can be more important for internal markets as a means of signifying change or commonalty of purpose. Market Position and Services Hilton Hotels is one of the market leaders in the hotel and gaming industry in the United States. Hilton is a well-known and distinguished name in fine hotels across the United States and worldwide. In 1999, Hilton expanded aggressively by acquiring the Promus Hotel Corporation, Hampton Inn and Suites, Doubletree Hotels, Embassy Suites Hotels, and Homewood Suites. Hilton Hotels Corporation has grown to become the worlds most recognized and most successful hotel company (Hilton Innovation, 2007). With the 2006 acquisition of Hilton International, Hilton Hotels Corporation became a global force with more than 2,800 hotels in more than 80 countries throughout the world (2007). Marketing Mix theory on Hilton Hotel The marketing mix is essentially a conceptual framework that is particularly useful in helping practitioners structure their thinking about marketing problems is called marketing mix. To devise a product or service this will be seen as different in the eyes of customers. There are many different approaches to the marketing mix like 7ps. Product: There is no point in developing a product or service that no one wants to buy; it becomes first what to offer first. Hilton hotel find out what customers need or want and then develop the right product-with the right level of quality to meet those needs now and in the future. Their product is not tangible. Their perfect product must provide value for the customer. They regularly check customers satisfaction about product and their services. They also provide product of best quality to their customer. Price: Hotels price is competitive but not cheapest This business is able to compete with other larger rivals by adding extra services or details that is offer customers better value for money. . Their pricing must also provide a profit. It is the only element of the marketing mix that generates revenue everything else represents a cost. The price is used by many buyers as an indicator of quality. Promotion: It does not mean communicating just their customers. They ensure their internal stakeholders are aware of the value and attributes of their products. Hotel communicating effectively to his staff/ fellow employees so that they can be knowledgeable and share expertise with their customers. The employees look regularly at the products that account for the highest percentage of their sales. Process: Hotels process is good because customer does not see how their business runs, customers will see the work. The process of giving a service and the behavior of those who deliver are crucial to customer satisfaction. Its process is best. Never customer waited for their products, they never waste their time. They provide right information of the product to customers and the staff is helpful to them at every time. Customers keep happy by staff. There is no value in making the rest of the company run perfectly if this part is faulty. This P could be great source of competitive advantage if used wisely. Physical Evidence: Hotel provides facilities such as clean, tidy and well-decorated reception area to reassure. They also delivered financial services product in a formal setting, while a childrens birthday entertainment company adopt a relaxed approach. Although customer cannot experience the service before purchase but they talk to other people with experiences of the service. Their views do not come from the company. This Hotel engages these customers and asks for their feedback, so that they can develop reference materials. New customers can then see testimonials and are more likely to purchase with confidence. Physical presence, style, location and decoration of the hotel grabs attention, interest and, to some, creates the desire to enter and explore. People: Anyone who comes into contact with hotels customers will make an impression and that can have a profound effect-positive or negative-on customer satisfaction. The reputation of hotels brand rests in their peoples hands. So they are appropriately trained, well motivated and have the right attitude. Hotels all employees who have contact with their customers are not only properly trained, but also the right kind of peop

Use of Disguise in Homers Odyssey Essay example -- Homer, Odyssey Ess

The Use of Disguise in Odyssey       In Homer's Odyssey, the use of disguise to help convey a false identity assists the characters in accomplishing their plans.   Without the use of disguise it would thwart Odyssey’s attempts at arriving back to his homeland. Each disguise has its own individual purpose, for example Athene's image as Mentor to advise Telemachos.   The main intention being to assist and encourage Telemachos into searching for news of his long lost father without revealing her true identity of divinity.   Being old and wise, and more specifically male, enables Athene to place more power behind the words spoken by Mentor.   This is since men were received with greater influence and reverence than women were culturally and contextually.   Similarly, Odysseus, through... ...d disguiser.   Works Cited and Consulted Heubeck, Alfred, J.B. Hainsworth, et al. A commentary on Homer's Odyssey. 3 Vols. Oxford 1988 Homer. The Odyssey. Trans. Robert Fitzgerald. New York: Vintage Books, 1989. Murnaghan, Sheila, Disguise and Recognition in the Odyssey, Princeton UP 1987 Van der Valk, Marchinus. Textual Criticism of the Odyssey. Leiden: A.W. Sijthoff, 1949.

Original Wedding Toasts †Groom to Bride, Bride to Groom :: Wedding Toasts Roasts Speeches

Original Wedding Toasts – Groom to Bride, Bride to Groom Happiness When I was poor, too poor to buy you candies or fresh flowers, We still shared the moon. You taught me that happiness is a chain reaction of love. One who has awakened to love does not cling to lesser things. Golden Heart With infinite affection, and infinite care, and a golden heart. You have taught me, when you bring forth the love within you, it transforms you. I Have Become Whole In your love is my peace, it is the sea into which all currents flow, for all eternity. Through your love I have healed myself, and thus I have become whole. One Hidden Thing Everything is made of one hidden thing. It flows through all things, inside and outside. It is only with the heart that this thing can be seen. This thing called love. Darkness of the Ages First I had to learn to trust my own judgement, Then I had to find the courage to follow true love’s path. Now, the darkness of the ages cannot hide love's brilliant light. Silence In every relationship, silence is the greatest teacher. The Look of Love When you look for love, love is in the look of your eyes. My Promise to You Awareness of every thought and feeling, understanding of every motive, allowing love to blossom. This is my promise to you. Just to Love Just to be is a blessing. Just to love is holy. Searching for What I Already Had For some time I was a person riding an ox, looking for an ox to ride on. I’m happy to have finally come to my senses. The Raindrop For the raindrop, joy is entering the river. For the lover, joy is being in love. Like the raindrop, May our love soar up to the sky above, And last forever. Ture Lover The true lover rises and sleeps, works and plays, buys and sells, and never forgets the love for a single moment My Wife Instead of running from one desire to another, It is better to stop and examine the nature of desire. You, my wife, are my whole love and desire. You are all mine, and I all yours. I Will Surrender May we never argue, But if we argue, I promise to you that I will surrender, I will surrender so that we may both win. Cleverness I’m happy that I finally sold my cleverness to buy enchanment in your arms. Here’s to the wings of love: May they never lose a feather. Compassion Compassion is the essence of marriage. To my bride: she knows all about me and loves me just the same. Here's to the woman that rules my heart.

Essay --

The Life of Mother Teresa India is a country of great poverty. The poor of India wanted help but no one seemed to listen to their cries. About 29.8% of the people of India live below the national poverty line in 2010. One person has changed the way people act today. Even now people still strive to do what she did. Mother Teresa is one of the people who shaped the world. Mother Teresa was brought into the the world on August 26, 1910. Mother Teresa was baptized the day after she was born which is August 27 1910. Her nickname was gonkha which means little bud or flower bud. Agnes Gonxha bojaxhiyIs was Mother Teresa’s real name. Mother Teresa was born in Skopje Macedonia. Skopje is the capital of the republic of Macedonia. Skopje is also the largest city in the republic of Macedonia. Skopje is a humid subtropical climate.In Skopje 10% of the population is Catholic Mother Teresa attended a public school as well as a private school. Later in life she attended a medical mission sisters school. Mother Teresa played mandolin as a young child and she also song with her sister in her church’s choir. Mother Teresa’s biggest hobby was to carry out the will of God. Mother Teresa grew up in a generous family and the family was extremely involved in the church. When mother Teresa was a child she would bring food and medicine to people who needed it. She saw that as a religious duty. When she was eight her father passed away and mother Teresa became close to her mother. When she was on a trip to the chapel of the Madonna of Lentince on a black mountain was when she felt her first calling from God. â€Å"I want Indian Nuns, Missionaries of charity, who would be my fire of love amongst the poor, the sick, the dying, and the little children† sh... ...st mother Teresa. They thought they weren’t sanitary and didn’t have good medical training to care for the poor people. Also people said the only reson people thought she helped people was because she was converting people to christianity. In 1989 she had a herat attack which was followed by surgery and then she was hooked up to a machine to regulate her heartbeat. After a couple years of heart lung and kidney problems she died at age 87 on september 5 1997. Mother teresa is the Saint of Gutters Mother teresa has helped so many poor,unhealthy,homeless,healthy,wealthy, people. She has helped people by curing there sickness, telling us that we can change the world, and that if we just help one person it will make a difference. This paper talked about the life of mother teresa. Mother teresa had a unforgettable life. She had a life that we all would want to have.

Dreams in the Great Gatsby

The Broken American Dream of the 1920s An accurate name for the 1920s is the roaring twenties. This was a decade full of social transformation and industrialization. Through this shift, a degradation in social moral occurred. A victim of this shift is the character J. Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby. Gatsby is â€Å"corrupted by values and attitudes that he holds in common with a society that destroys him†(44). Through this mutual and obscured social moral, Gatsby seems to obtain a destructive view of his â€Å"American Dream†. Where the American Dream once â€Å"consisted of the belief that people of talent in this land of opportunity and plenty could reasonably aspire to material success if they adhered to a well-defined set of behaviors†(Trask). These behaviors were actions such as working hard, staying honest, and better educating ones self; much like the list that Gatsby made as a young boy. But with the boom of industrialization, came a trend of bootlegging and get rich quick schemes and unfortunately Gatsby became a victim of the era. As a matter of fact, Gatsby is not the only one who has suffered from this time of moral deterioration. Daisy Buchanan, Gatsby’s object of obsession, also is a victim of a society that allows her to not take responsibility for her actions. Daisy hides behind her public facade and her innocent carefree charm. Her husband Tom Buchanan has also manipulated the greedy, selfish social society that exists on East egg. Tom has no dreams or aspirations and â€Å"seeks excitement first in sport, then in infidelity, seeking identity in a book of racist political philosophy†(Wershoven). In a time of moral peril, each character is corrupted by a societal idea that taints their grasp of the â€Å"American Dream†. During Gatsby’s adolescent years, he has a clear and healthy mindset about what he wanted to accomplish in his life. Gatsby was self-motivated to make something of his life. But once he meets Daisy, Daisy becomes the embodiment of his dreams and the object of his obsession. As a young boy, growing up in North Dakota, Gatsby was motivated to be successful. Gatsby’s father said â€Å" Jimmy was bound to get ahead†. Even as a young adult, Gatsby refused to think of himself as an average person. Gatsby’s parents were â€Å"shiftless and unsuccessful† and Gatsby never â€Å" really accepted them as his parents at all. Instead Gatsby had a schedule of each day that would help him to attain his wealth. As Trask says, â€Å" He early decided that he could contemplate future glory. † Early on Gatsby embodies the ideals of society before the 1920s; he is determined and eager to work hard to independently reach success. This is until he meets Daisy, th e idea of Daisy is what sways Gatsby’s dreams off the right path. Gatsby met Daisy as a young man and hopelessly fell in love with her. However in the end, Daisy broke it off with Gatsby since he was not financially suitable for maintaining her lifestyle. It seems as though Gatsby never recovered from getting his heart broken by Daisy. As Nick says, â€Å" [Gatsby] had a extraordinary gift of hope- a romantic readiness such I have never found in any other person and which is not likely I shall find ever again†(2). Nick also says â€Å"Gatsby turned out alright at the end; it is what preyed on Gatsby, what foul dust floated in the wake of his dreams that temporarily closed out my interest in the abortive sorrows and short-wind elations of men†(2). Indeed, it was the idea of winning Daisy’s love that drove Gatsby to his success. It corrupted his earlier ideas of working hard and saving his money; now he had to make money fast and resorted to bootlegging. Gatsby becomes frantic at the idea of coming wealthy and instead of slowly climbing up the success latter, he desperately and quickly makes money in any way he can so he can win Daisy back as quickly as possible. Gatsby became consumed with the idea of winning Daisy’s affection and rekindling their past romance. This is apparent when Gatsby describes their first kiss; â€Å"His heart beat faster and faster as Daisy’s white face came up to his own. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and forever wed his unutterable visions of her perishable breathe, his mind would never romp again like the mind of god. So he waited†¦Then he kissed her†¦and the incarnation was complete†(112). Gatsby is brought down by Daisy and the â€Å"refusal to see the nature of his own dreams†(Wershoven). Nick sums up Gatsby’s debacle perfectly when he says that perhaps Gatsby’s â€Å"dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, somewhere back in the vast obscurity. What nick says is true, Gatsby was so blinded by love that he could not see Daisy’s flaws and Gatsby ended up paying the ultimate price . As Trask says, Daisy could never become a â€Å"legitimate actualization of Gatsby’s illegitimate dream†(Trask). Among those who have distorted dreams, Daisy Buchanan might perhaps be the worst. Daisy is a selfish, rich girl w ho has never â€Å"been held responsible for her actions, for she embodies the pure freedom of endless choice without consequences†(Wershoven). Daisy has never had to concern herself with worrying about money or materialistic things. Daisy has always gotten things handed to her and would not want it any other way. Daisy takes advantage of the fact that she lives in a society that has put her on a pedistal, and allows her to â€Å"smash† up things without any consquences. Her attractive nature and charm has helped her support this type of lifestyle. Daisy cannot even fathom the idea of having to work for something and therefore she has a sense of entitlement to everything that is given to her. At first Daisy seems harmless and bored as she mindlessly wonders out loud what she will do with the rest of her days. But as the novel goes on, it becomes quite clear that Daisy is not what she seems. Daisy has become a master of manipulation in order to maintain her lavish lifestyle. She knows exactly how to agree with what society expects of her and knows how to dress and maintain her appearance. But despite her warm and inviting appearance, Daisy is quite cold and superficial. Daisy’s ideals of wealth and money lead her to live a superficial and meaningless life that wreaks havoc in the lives of the other characters. It is this love of money that led here to marry her husband Tom Buchanan. Instead of waiting for Gatsby to return to the war, Daisy just decides to marry Tom because of his wealth and promise of a lavish life. Tom even gives her a three-hundred thousand-dollar pearl necklace. Even this amount of money is not enough to ensure Daisy’s fidelity. As soon as Gatsby comes back into town, she begins to have an affair. Even after years of leading Gatsby on, she still breaks his heart when she says that she â€Å"loves them both. † This is when it comes apparent that Daisy will never leave Tom. For Daisy, even true love is not enough to make her change her lifestyle. Her love of money has made her cold and reckless when it comes to love. Another example of Daisy’s reckless nature is when Tom’s mistress, Myrtle Wilson, is killed. Daisy is perfectly content with letting Gatsby take the fall. Not one time does she even contemplate the idea of coming forward to take responsibility. Instead she hides behind her wealth and her appearance. As Wershoven puts it, â€Å"society helps to cover up the deed. † Daisy is an insatiable girl that has no need for validation by others. Daisy wants things and people but, â€Å"there is no space inside her that can be filled, no unfinished part of her can be completed by another†(Wershoven). Therefore, Daisy views people as at her disposal. This is ultimately the attitude that is responsible for Gatsby’s death. Daisy is so caught up in the materialistic needs of that time that she cannot value anything e else. She views everything she has as an accessory; even her own daughter. Were as most parents feel defined by their children’s lives, the reader almost forgets that Daisy even has a daughter at all. She only interacts with her child when it is convenient for her; and when it looks good in front of company. Daisy’s husband, Tom Buchanan is an ex- football star from the same college that Nick attended. Nick describes Tom as â€Å"one of those men that reach such an acute limited excellence at twenty-one that everything afterwards savors anti-climax†(10). Tom falls victim to greed and cannot satisfy his need for more. As Wereshoven says: â€Å"Daisy and Tom are always looking for something, something new and better, for they are bored with the things they already bought. Daisy wonders what they’ll do each day, and the next day, identifying the dilemma of people who can have whatever they want, as soon as they want it† (Wershoven). Tom is in a perpetuating cycle of greed in which he still cannot find satisfaction. He seeks thrills through sports, literature and even infidelity and all fall short of the glory he had back in college. He shares the same kind of entitlement and ignorance as Daisy. Toms idea of good literature are books like the â€Å"The Rise of the Colored Empire† and even expresses to Nick his distress over the submersion of the white race. But even Tom’s attempts at sounding intelligent fall short and he ends up sounding ignorant and pretentious. Another telling thing about Tom is the way he treats the women in his life. While he appears to be happily married to Daisy, he still is having an affair with Myrtle Wilson. For months, Tom brings Myrtle to his apartment in New York and for months, Tom knowingly leads her on. Tom showers her with gifts and even buys her a dog and an expensive leash. However, Tom has no intention of ever leaving Daisy for Myrtle; someone of lower social status than him. But yet Myrtle is under the delusional impression that Tom will leave his wife for her; and she will at last be part of the social network she dreams of. Myrtle is so in love with this idea that in turn, she despises the life that she lives without Tom; including her husband, George Wilson. Tom is also the ultimate hypocrite. While he the first one to criticize Daisy and Gatsby’s affair, he himself is having an affair. When Tom finds out about Daisy’s affair, he confronts Gatsby and says I suppose the latest thing is to sit back and let Mr. Nobody from Nowhere make love to your wife. Well, if that's the idea then you can count me out† (137). He even claims that their affair is a â€Å"step toward inter-racial marriage. † Tom condemns his wife for her infidelity but describes his own as once in a while â€Å"going on a spree making a fool out of [himself], but [he] has always come back, and in [his] heart [he] loves her all the time†. Not only is Tom cheating with George Wilson’s wife, but he also acts as a bully toward George. George Wilson is an honest, good-hearted man and Tom just toys with him. Tom promises George that he will sell his car to him but he really never has any intention of doing so. George Wilson is depending on that money so he can start a new life out west and all Tom is doing is giving him empty promises. When George tries to bring up the subject to Tom, Tom gets offended and says â€Å"† Very well then, I won't sell you the car at all†¦ I'm under no obligations to you at all†¦ And as for your bothering me about it at lunch time I won't stand for that at all! † (122). Tom tries to find satisfaction by making George look like a fool and is amused by how easily he is able to do so. Just like Daisy, Tom has no remorse for the pain he inflicts in others. Overall the characters in The Great Gatsby, all embodied ideals that were emphasized in that time. Women were viewed as accessories and not yet contributing members of society. Women were still in charge of maintaining the home, especially in wealthy households, and concerned themselves with the small things. Daisy takes full advantage of this attitude and successfully gets away with murder. It is Daisy who corrupts J. Gatsby’s ideal of his American dream and instead of working hard, and â€Å"pulling himself up y his own bootstraps†, he resorts to crime in order to become rich quickly so that he can win Daisy back. Instead of working hard for his own self-success, he chases this idea of Daisy. And finally Tom, was a victim of his own insatiable appetite that he could not fulfill. In every aspect of his life, Tom wanted more. Tom held an ideal that was very common throughout the 1920s; that his money and high social class would be able to buy him anything in life. The idea of the American dream is wanting more for ones own life and becoming successful by hard honest work. All these characters shared the same sense of wanting more. But the had immoral ways of fulfilling their needs. Gatsby resorts to criminal activity in order to become wealthy. And Tom and Daisy resort to affairs in trying to satisfy their need for love. Unfortunately Gatsby is the one that pays the price in the end. Work Cited Trask, David F. â€Å"A Note on Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. † University Review. 3. 3 (Mar. 1967): 197-202. Rpt. in Novels for Students. Ed. Diane Telgen. Vol. 2. Detroit: Gale, 1998. 197-202. Literature Resource Center. Gale. 12 Oct. 2009 http://go. galegroup. com/ps/start. do? p=LitRC=a04fu Wershoven, Carol. â€Å"Insatiable Girls. † Child Brides and Intruders. Bowling Green: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 1993. 92-99. Rpt. in Twentieth-Century Literary Criticism. Ed. Linda Pavlovski. Vol. 157. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 92-9 9. Literature Resource Center. Gale. 12 Oct. 2009 .